Exercise 24 Review Sheet Anatomy of the Heart

HUMAN Anatomy & PHYSIOLOGY Ii

Laboratory Objectives Spring 2020

Instructor: Dr. Clare Hays, SI 2032; 303-615-0777, electronic mail –[email protected], URL http://sites.msudenver.edu/haysc

Books and Supplies:

1. Required: Your textbook is for online or lecture but doesn't demand to come to school with you: Seeley's Beefcake & Physiology, twelfth Ed. ,by Van Putte, Regan and Russo including access to Mc-Graw Loma Connect;
2. 

  two.Required:  Your  lab manual needs to come to lab with yous: Human Beefcake and Physiology Laboratory Manual, 12th Ed., Elaine North. Marieb

3. Optional: Dissection Guide and Atlas to the Mink, by David Smith and Michael Schenk, Morton Publishing;

4.Required: BIO 2320 Dissecting Tools. Bachelor in bookstore; includes a scalpel with             replaceable blades, a edgeless probe, and small scissors;

5. Non required, but stronglyrecommended, is a lab coat or an onetime shirt to protect      your wear. Respirators with filters and eye goggles are available upon request.

Upon completion of lab exercises, you should review the cloth and practice the review sheets from your lab manual, as in that location are no open lab hours.  Lab exams are Non comprehensive.

MASTERINGAANDP.COM:  Your lab manual has some first-class resources for both lecture and lab.  These resource and the admission code are described at the beginning of your lab manual.  You volition need to consummate a registration process to use this site past clicking you are a educatee. Then, click Register for Self-Study Access Only and "Mastering is not required for my course."  Enter your access lawmaking and click on your book.  Become to the Study Area, especially note the PAL section on anatomy.

JANUARY 24 – LANGUAGE OF Beefcake AND ENDOCRINE Beefcake

Linguistic communication OF Anatomy:

Exercise ane: Glance at Figure ane.ii to sympathize anatomic terminology of the quadriped (mink).   Utilise your own body and the human being trunk models to refresh on the basic organization of the torso.  Know the following terms:

Anatomical Position (both human and quadriped), Superior, Inferior, Cranial, Caudal, Medial, Lateral, Superficial, Deep, Ventral, Inductive, Dorsal, Posterior, Proximal, Distal, Sagittal plane, Transverse aeroplane, Frontal airplane,  Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity, Pelvic crenel.

ENDOCRINE ANATOMY:

Practice 27:  Effigy 27.1 in the Marieb lab manual has human endocrine pictures and microscopic anatomy.  The optional Dissection Guide and Atlas to the Mink by David Smith and Michael Schenk has mink endocrine glands in Chapter 9. Pages 49-50 of optional Mink transmission have instructions for opening the ventral trunk crenel.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?five=i4IOcct1sOA (Mink opening the throat region)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhcPczm08oc  (Mink opening thoracic cavity)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?5=7NEblSo4RrY  (Mink opening the abdominal cavity)
• https://www.youtube.com/spotter?v=vewQHt-XXX8  (Mink Organ Review)
• https://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?v=07sqb6bdyv4  (Mink Endocrine and Circulatory Preview)

Mink Dissection:  Obtain a mink and open up the ventral body crenel past cutting through linea alba on the abdomen so using scissors to cutting through the ribcage on the ventral side of the mink, just slightly off centre.  Be careful non to remove the gonads and practise non cut through claret vessels containing colored latex, without outset checking with your instructor.  Additionally, a fatty greater omentum covers all of the abdominal visceral.  You may skin information technology out of your way, simply do not remove it.

1.  Observe the following endocrine glands of the mink: Thyroid, Thymus, Pancreas, Adrenal, Ovary, Testis. Mink Photographs:  Endocrine system mink
2.  Observe the pituitary gland and pineal gland (=body) on the preserved sheep brain.  See Figures 27.ane and 27.2. Sheep pineal picture in transverse crack.  Sheep pineal picture from sagittal view.
3.  Put your mink away every bit described past your instructor.  Clean your working surface area thoroughly.
4.  Observe the microscopic anatomy on the Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal gland, Ovary, and Testis as described in Exercise 27 – Activity ii of lab manual as well as Figures 42.2 and 43.six.

JANUARY 31 – Blood

Practice 29: Complete the following activities using sheep blood or simulated claret.

Activity i: Observe the color and clarity of plasma after you deport the hematocrit examination (to exist washed later in this lab).

Action 2: Observe one of each formed elements on a prepared human blood sample slide.  You must exist able to identify erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and each of the granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and each of the agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes).   Note:  All granulocytes and agranulocytes are types of leukocytes.

Activity 4: Conduct a Hematocrit using the microhematocrit reader carte. Then, observe the color and clarity of plasma from Activity 1.  Encounter if you tin can spot the layer of leukocytes found in the buffy glaze between the plasma and the cerise blood cells.

Activeness v:  Determine the approximate hemoglobin concentration of the blood sample using the Tallquist method.

Activity 7:  Obtain an unknown blood sample and comport the blood typing experiment to determine its ABO and Rh factor.

FEBRUARY  seven – ANATOMY OF THE Heart

Exercise 30:  Use Figures 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, thirty.7, 30.8 for your heart anatomy.

Annotation: the following URL has good sheep heart pictures: https://homes.bio.psu.edu/kinesthesia/strauss/anatomy/

Discover the sheep centre which has been cutting in a frontal section. You lot are responsible for the following structures:

Visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium, coronary blood vessels, left and right atria, left and correct ventricles, auricles, pulmonary trunk, aorta, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary veins, superior and inferior vena cavae, right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid), pulmonary semilunar valve, interventricular septum, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid).

Mediastinum, pericardial sac, and pericardial cavity are best observed on your mink. Run into pictures 3 & iv, mediastinum and pericardial sac:  CV upper vessels mink

Detect the microscopic anatomy of cardiac muscle as described in Practice 30 – Activity 4 and Figure 30.6.

FEBRUARY 14 – Exam 1 (25 questions, 50 points)

Feb 21, 28 – BLOOD VESSELS

Mink blood vessels may exist found in Chapter v of the optional Mink lab manual or at the following links.  Mink claret vessel photographs: CV upper vessels mink   Hepatic portal system mink    CV- lower vessels mink

• Cat videos who accept similar vessels to the mink
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BAUSMJo7TQ   (Cat Circulatory Organization.  Very nicely dissected vessels. Anterior Mesenteric= Superior Mesenteric, Posterior Mesenteric=Inferior Mesenteric)
• https://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?v=3jHnHGn5axw  (Mink Lower Vessels)

Dissect your mink and locate the following blood vessels:

Vessels Cranial to Diaphragm:  Coronary vessels, superior vena cava (=cranial vena cava = precava), inferior vena cava (=caudal vena cava = postcava), pulmonary trunk (arteries), pulmonary veins, aorta.

Brachiocephalic veins, external jugular veins, internal jugular veins, subclavian veins, axillary veins, brachial veins.

Right brachiocephalic avenue, left subclavian artery, correct subclavian artery, common carotid arteries, axillary arteries, brachial arteries. (note:  both common carotid arteries come off of the brachiocephalic avenue in minks, but in humans, the left common carotid artery actually comes off of the aortic arch)

Vessels Caudal to Diaphragm:  Adrenolumbar=Suprarenal veins, renal veins, testicular or ovarian veins, iliolumbar veins, common iliac veins, internal iliac veins, external iliac veins, femoral veins.

Hepatic portal vein, gastrosplenic vein, superior mesenteric vein (=cranial mesenteric vein), junior mesenteric vein (=caudal mesenteric vein). (These vessels are prepared with yellow dye.)

Aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric avenue, hepatic artery, splenic artery, superior mesenteric artery (=cranial mesenteric artery), adrenolumbar= suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, testicular or ovarian arteries, inferior mesenteric artery (=caudal mesenteric artery), iliolumbar arteries, external iliac arteries (note:  minks do not have a mutual iliac avenue as humans do), internal iliac arteries, femoral arteries.

MARCH 6 – CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (Both Exercises 31 and 33)

Practice 31:  Record your electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and place the P wave, QRS complex, and the T wave.  Understand what events are taking place during these 3 recognizable waves.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; USING INTELITOOL CARDIOCOMP TM

GETTING STARTED

one. With PC figurer, McADDAM Ii and ECG cables continued, you may power upwards the PC and McADDAM 2. The power indicator on the upper correct hand corner of McADDAM II volition lite when the unit is turned on.

2. Launch the Cardiocomp plan by clicking on the start carte and highlighting programs, Intelitool, and the select Cardiocomp1. Once loaded, pull downwardly file card, select new, and click ok.

3. The data collection will stop automatically after the time specified nether File Setup. You may change the elapsing to 60 seconds for shorter drove period. If desired, the sample rate may be slowed downward to 60 samples/second (measured in Hz) from Charge per unit setting under File Setup.

4. Although all three leads should be examined during this exercise, commencement withPb Two. Select I, II, or III to change Leads nether the Lead pull down card.

PREPARING THE SUBJECT

1.Snap the three flat plate electrodes to the black, green and ruby-red cables.

2.Remove any jewelry on the wrists or ankles. Scrub the area thoroughly where the electrodes are to be applied {See locations on Lead 1,2,3 diagrams on figurer.} Wipe the cleaned area with 70% alcohol on cotton.

3.Apply a liberal amount of electrode gel to the contact surface of the electrode.

4.Strap the electrode to the advisable appendage (anywhere on the wrist and talocrural joint) and so the strap is snug simply not besides tight . Brand sure the discipline is comfortable and that their apportionment is not restricted.

five.In addition to proper electrode awarding, signal clarity and stability tin be enhanced by ensuring that the electrode cables remain stationary during information acquisition. Any fluctuant of the wires relative to each other will introduce noise into the indicate. Try to keep the wires beingness used in a group – taping them together often helps. Also, do non curtain any of the wires, including the one which plugs into the calculator, over a potential noise source such as a power string. If the subject is in a supine position on a table, information technology will exist easier to proceed the wires stationary.

half dozen.Remember to move cables to the appropriate appendage on the subject when changing Leads on the computer! The ground electrode must be used on the right leg at all times.

THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

1.When the subject area is prepare, click "Get-go" to brainstorm acquiring data. You can stop data acquisition at any time by clicking the mouse.

2.Examine and analyze your data. Identify the P wave, QRS circuitous, and T moving ridge. Note whatsoever differences in the advent of the various waves for the different Leads.

3.Select Analyze from under the Acquire pull down menu or by clicking the shortcut button located on the top-right of the Data Acquisition window. Time/Voltage allows you to mensurate fourth dimension intervals and voltage differences between any two points in the information set up. The numbers displayed in the "Departure" box stand for the departure betwixt two information points identified by data markers. Create data markers by placing arrow on desired data point on ECG and clicking mouse. If you hold the mouse button and drag the mouse after creating the first data marker, y'all can run across the absolute voltage for whatsoever point in the window. Click "Reset" to erase data markers so that they can exist positioned elsewhere in the information set. An automated analysis may be used past selecting the on field to supplant using data markers.

Interpretation OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

–The P wave represents atrial depolarization and the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization. The T wave represents ventricular repolarization. Atrial repolarization is not visible, as it occurs during the ascendant QRS circuitous.

–The P-Q interval is often called the P-R interval considering the Q wave is usually small or absent-minded. The normal P-Q interval fourth dimension is 0.12-0.20 sec. The normal QRS complex duration is less than 0.10 sec, and the Q-T interval should be less than 0.38 sec. How do your results compare with these normal values?

–Decide the ventricular charge per unit past measuring the elapsed fourth dimension betwixt two R waves. Divide 60 by your time betwixt R waves. The ventricular charge per unit is in beats per minute.

Exercise 33: Complete the following activities for heart sounds, blood pressure and pulse determinations.

Activity 1: Consummate Auscultating Middle Sounds.

Action 2:  Palpate Superficial Pulse Points.

Activeness four:  Taking an Apical Pulse.

Activity five: Use a sphygmomanometer to mensurate arterial blood pressure.

Activity half dozen: Gauge your venous pressure, both at rest and while performing the Valsalva maneuver.

Action 7: Observe the upshot of posture, practice and water ice water on blood pressure and center rate.

Activity viii: Observe the effect of local chemical and physical factors on pare color.

MARCH 13 – EXAM ii

Note:  Information technology is an online test through Connect.  The link is near the bottom of your course homepage on Connect.   It is mink vessels and cardiovascular physiology.  It is 25 questions which are ii points each.  The test volition merely stay open for threescore minutes (double the time it should have you to consummate it).  You write the answers on your ain paper or document and submit the answers as an attachment to an email.  It is due to me past 11:59 pm March 18.  Even though the test is timed, you may leisurely submit the answers to me, but make certain information technology is by the borderline of March 18. Here is a link to a quizlet made you your TA, Jenna:  https://quizlet.com/_67i5lw?x=1jqt&i=s11e1

MARCH xx – ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS

RESPIRATORY Beefcake:

Exercise 36: Complete histology and use lab manual to find the following structures.  Additionally, y'all can click on the Cadaver Dissection Tool on the correct side of the Connect Homepage, Then cull Respiratory Arrangement and in the search bar, type which structure yous wish to see on the model or cadaver.

1. Examine a microscopic section of lung tissue.  Meet Effigy 36.7.
2. Use your lab manual and the Cadaver Autopsy Tool and discover the following:

External nares (naris ), trachea, larynx, epiglottis, glottis, hyoid bone, vagus nervus, chief bronchi, pleural crenel, parietal pleura, visceral pleura, diaphragm, and lungs.

DIGESTIVE Beefcake:

Practice 38:  Complete histology and employ lab manual to find the following structures.  Additionally, you tin can click on the Cadaver Dissection Tool on the right side of the Connect Homepage, Then cull Digestive System and in the search bar, type which structure you wish to run across on the model or cadaver.

1.  Discover microscopic sections of the stomach, modest intestine, pancreas, liver, colon and taste buds.  Run across Figures 38.6, 38.9, 38.16, 26.3, 27.3c.
2. Use your lab manual and the Cadaver Dissection Tool and find the following:

Parotid salivary gland and duct, teeth, oral cavity, hard palate, tongue papillae, frenulum of tongue, esophagus, peritoneal cavity, parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum,liver, greater omentum, gall bladder, stomach [cardia, fundus, body, pylorus], greater and lesser curvature of tum, bottom omentum, pancreas, spleen, common bile duct, small intestine [duodenum, jejunum, ileum], mesentery proper, big intestine including: cecum, appendix, colon [ascending, transverse, descending], rectum, anus.

APRIL iii – Exercises 43& 44:Complete the review sheet consignment which consists of completing one. the Review Canvas in your Marieb Laboratory Manual "Exercise 43 Review Sheet: Physiology of Human being Reproduction: Gametogenesis and the Female person Cycles"PLUS ii. Review Canvas in your Marieb Laboratory Transmission "Exercise 44 Review Sail: Survey of Embryonic Development."   Y'all may do these review sheets at home. The two review exercises are due  Apr 10. Scan/photograph them and submit them electronically equally an attachment to an e-mail.  You will lose v points per day that they are submitted late. 10 points are possible for complete and accurateanswers of each review exercise for a total of 20 points.  Hither is a link to these exercises if you don't accept a lab transmission. http://sites.msudenver.edu/haysc/review-sheet_chapters-43-and-44/

April 10 – RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

Exercise 37:  Complete or read about the following physiology activities.

Activity ii: Read in your lab manual:  Auscultating Respiratory Sounds using a stethoscope.

Activity 3: Read definitions of the post-obit terms.

Understand the following: Respirations per minute, Tidal Volume, Infinitesimal Respiratory Volume,  Expiratory Reserve Volume, Vital Chapters, Inspiration Reserve Volume, Total Lung Capacity, Residual Volume.

3.  Activity six: Complete this activity without using a spirometer at home.

APRIL 17 – Anatomy OF URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Employ your lab manual, chapters 40 and 42, likewise equally Cadaver Autopsy Tool on the right side of the Connect Homepage, Then choose Urinary/Reproductive System and in the search bar, blazon which structure you lot wish to see on the model or cadaver.You lot are responsible for the following:

Kidney, renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, hilus, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Penis, testes, spermatic string, ductus deferens (=vas deferens), inguinal canal, prostate gland.

Uterus, uterine tube (=oviduct=fallopian tube), ovary, vagina, neck, and vulva.

Observe the microscopic anatomy of the ovary and testis.  Refer to Figures 42.2 and 43.6.

APRIL 24 – URINALYSIS

Practice 41:  Read through the Introduction,the Characteristics of Urine and Abnormal Urinary Constituents parts of this urinalysis lab.  Be able to answer the questions from the Chapter 41 Review Canvas.

MAY ane – Test 3

Quizlet from your TA Jenna:  https://quizlet.com/_6cj0o2?x=1jqt&i=s11e1

Another quizlet from your TA Dan:  https://quizlet.com/_8aqk0h?x=1qqt&i=1jhbpe

You may take test 3 online through Connect from April 24 through May two at 11:59 pm.  Information technology is 25 at two points each.  Y'all reply all questions online and is multiple choice with a time limit of 30 minutes.  It just covers information covered After lab examination ii.

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Source: https://sites.msudenver.edu/haysc/biology-courses/human-anatomy-and-physiology-ii-homepage-bio-2320/lab-objectives-revised-for-corona-bio-2320-spring-2020/

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